Hour
Date
Task: Common and Bias Fallacies
CCSS 6.1.-6.3. Clarify purpose; Expand
CCSS 6.1.-6.3. Clarify purpose; Expand
HOMEWORK:
Student
Example and Inferences:
Big Question: Explain what is bias?
True or False Statements: True or False?
Think with your head,
not your gut.
We are never
deceived. We deceive ourselves.
What
is a fallacy?
A Fallacy: is when a person wants to deceive
or misled another person with false or unproven reasons; presents the reason is true even
though it is not; uses emotional reasons to convince
people that the lie is true
Example: All the swans we have seen at the pond are white or all swans are
white.
Inference:
(Conclusion or Reading between the
Lines): The inference is that all swans are white, but factually, there are white,
black, and black and white.
Several of the following fallacies
overlap.
Common Fallacies
Appeal to Authority:
something must be true
because it is believed by someone who said to be an "authority" on
the subject. Whether the person is an authority or not.
1. A commercial claims that a brand of cereal is the best way to
start the day because athlete Michael Jordan says that it is what he eats every
day for breakfast.
Inference: To be a great athlete like Jordan, people should eat this cereal every
day.
2. A person argues that climate
change is not actually happening because the president says it isn’t happening.
Inference: We should trust the president who is not a scientist
over the scientists who say it is happening.
Student Example and
Inferences:
Appeal to
Emotions: plays on people’s emotions to get them to believe it to be
true without facts or evidence.
1. A car commercial that says, "You work hard-reward yourself."
Inference: So, give us your money
by buying our car.
2. A commercial that shows the destruction of a hurricane then tells
people to buy disaster insurance.
Inference: Everybody will have something terrible happen to them and only buying
insurance will save people from disaster.
Student Example and
Inferences:
False Dilemma it is an
"either-or" type of argument one is true-or one is acceptable and the
other is not. Two choices are presented, when more exist,
1. You are for us, or you are against us.
Inference:
There is no third options of compromise.
2. Either you buy me this new book, or you decide that reading is
not important at all.
Inference:
give me what I want, or you are bad
Student Example and
Inferences:
Rationalization and Denial: is the way one handles a situation
in which immediate gratification is pitted against long-term harm.
1. Harry has been
smoking cigarettes for over fifty years and he feel healthy.
Inference: but, 10 years later he died from
lung cancer so his denial.
Inferences:
the soda will replace the liquids, but it has bad ingredients in the soda.
Student Example and
Inferences:
Bias
or Prejudice
Fallacies
Loyalty: ignores reason in order to be faithful to own group or society.
1. People like me, who play chess are
more unique than other clubs.
Inference:
Her group is better than others.
2. Harry can’t sit with us in the
Bronco bleachers because he has a Bulls hat on.
Inference:
Harry is not loyal both Bronco and them.
Student Example and
Inferences:
Stereotypes: labeling others with negative characteristics who
are different from self to support their prejudices.
1. Only a woman can take care of a
baby.
Inference:
men can’t tend to a baby’s needs.
2. Only men are the geeks.
Inference:
that there are no women geeks.
Student Example and
Inferences:
Scapegoats: to blame someone else for the problems in their
lives, when they are responsible for their own troubles.
1. New Orleans was hit so
hard with hurricanes because of all the laws there.
Inference:
New Orleans (Louisiana) had to be punished for their choice not to vote.
2. Harry gets home late and
blames his dad for letting him go in the first place.Inference: it’s Harry’s dad’s fault for letting him go.
Student Example and
Inferences:
